Technical Design
Five subsystems were designed to satisfy the requirements: Little Gem Housing (LGH), Water Delivery System (WDS), Environmental Sensing and Actuation (ESA), Power and Data Processing (PDP), and CubeSat Payload Structure (CPS).

Little Gem Housing
Specimen – Little Gem Romaine Lettuce
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Dwarf variant of romaine lettuce to support fresh crop research
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Typical size of adult specimen is 6”x 4”x 3”, chosen for ease of ability to fit within the size constraints of the payload
Base – Plant Support Cup
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3D printed cylindrical cup to hold rockwool and provide root zone stability
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Hole through cup for roots to travel into carrier pipe to access delivery tube
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Threaded extrusion at bottom to connect to pipe support shell
Housing – Electrical Junction Box (7.9”x 3.9”x 2.8”)
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Clear removable front face for specimen insertion and viewing
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Watertight (IP65 rated) atmosphere to contains plant off gases and humidity



Water Delivery System
Water Delivery Method – Hydroponics
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Soilless growing method that delivers water directly to the root zone through a perforated silicon tube
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90% reduction in water
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Less volume as opposed to soil-based growth methods
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Control of water is essential for microgravity environments
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A plethora of existing research from NASA for hydroponics growth methods in microgravity
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Allows for implementation of a closed loop watering system
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Minimized disease/pathogens contamination due to lack of soil
Peristaltic Pump – 3D Printed
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Rotational pump that creates a vacuum and pulls water through the tube
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Reversible water flow works on Earth and in micro-gravity
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Minimal power consumption
Water Tank – 700mL RC Plane Fuel Tank
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One input/output valve easily attaches to silicone water delivery tube
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Capacity to supply water to plant for approximately three months
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Pipe Support Shell – 3D Printed PLA
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Shell for carrier pipe and attachment to plant support cup
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Holes for root entry, O2 sensor, and humidity sensor
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PLA found to be generally regarded as safe for food by FDA Standards
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Carrier Pipe – NSF51 Food Grade 1” PVC
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Environment for roots to follow laws of hydrotropism
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PVC was used in previous NASA research
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Delivery Tube – Perforated NSF51 Food Grade Silicone Tubing
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Sufficient compressibility to move water with peristaltic pump
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Able to drill holes on tubing surface




Environmental Sensing and Actuation

RPi Camera module
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Custom timeframe for image capture minimizes power consumption
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Correlates non-visual peripherals to plant health
Temperature and Humidity (SEN0227 – based on SHT20)
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I2C Interface, waterproof encapsulation, works with 3.3V
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Placed in pipe support shell (near roots)
O2 root zone (SEN0322)
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I2C Interface, high sensitivity, compatible with 3.3V
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Waterproof portion placed in pipe support shell


Power and Data Processing
Microprocessor – Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W
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Python, large on-board storage, low power, compact, network capability, camera integration
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Ease of remote configuration through SSH or VNC Connect
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Idle Draw: 120mA (10Ah battery would last: ~83hrs)
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Max Load Draw: 600mA (10Ah battery would last: ~16hrs)
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Pump Motor – 2 Stepper Motors 28KYJ-48 4 Phase
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Driver Board – ULN2003AN IC
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5V power supply, actuated by 3.3V GPIO
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Consumes ~240mA
Battery – Miady Mini Portable Charger
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10000mAh, 5V 2.4A output
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Over Current Protection
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4.2 ounces
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Lighting – LED Light Strips
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Rated for 5V but runs off 3.3V from Raspberry Pi GPIO for preset time
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LED Grow Lights (Wavelengths: Blue (440-460nm), Red (630-660nm)
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Silicon rubber rated for IP65 Waterproof
Interface to Battery – CiCiglow 50 A Solar Charge Controller
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Not to be integrated due to cost and relevance to KSC knowledge gaps, but size and placement is considered
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Calculations demonstrate the type of controller needed for further continuation of project
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Cost for unit = $19.26
Solar Panels – EnduroSat Panels
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Not to be integrated due to cost and relevance to KSC knowledge gaps, but size and placement is considered
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6U x 4 = 59,600, 4U x 2 = $18,400 for a total of $78,000



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CubeSat Payload Structure
Frame – T Slot 20mm Aluminum Linear Rails
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Ease of acquisition and assembly
Internal Walls – Perforated Sheet Metal
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Aluminum Perforated Sheet, 36" x 40", 0.032" Thick, 0.1875" Hole Diameter
External Walls – Clear Acrylic Sheets
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High strength, low thermal expansion, water resistant and UV resistant
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Substitute material for sheet metal due to cost limitations (~0.25” thick)
External Wall Adhesive – High Temperature Heat Reflective Tape
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Exposed face can tolerate temperatures up to 850 degrees Fahrenheit
