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Technical Design

Five subsystems were designed to satisfy the requirements: Little Gem Housing (LGH), Water Delivery System (WDS), Environmental Sensing and Actuation (ESA), Power and Data Processing (PDP), and CubeSat Payload Structure (CPS).

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Little Gem Housing

Specimen – Little Gem Romaine Lettuce

  • Dwarf variant of romaine lettuce to support fresh crop research

  • Typical size of adult specimen is 6”x 4”x 3”, chosen for ease of ability to fit within the size constraints of the payload

 

Base – Plant Support Cup

  • 3D printed cylindrical cup to hold rockwool and provide root zone stability

  • Hole through cup for roots to travel into carrier pipe to access delivery tube

  • Threaded extrusion at bottom to connect to pipe support shell

 

Housing – Electrical Junction Box (7.9”x 3.9”x 2.8”)

  • Clear removable front face for specimen insertion and viewing

  • Watertight (IP65 rated) atmosphere to contains plant off gases and humidity

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Water Delivery System

Water Delivery Method – Hydroponics

  • Soilless growing method that delivers water directly to the root zone through a perforated silicon tube

  • 90% reduction in water

  • Less volume as opposed to soil-based growth methods

  • Control of water is essential for microgravity environments

  • A plethora of existing research from NASA for hydroponics growth methods in microgravity

  • Allows for implementation of a closed loop watering system

  • Minimized disease/pathogens contamination due to lack of soil

 

Peristaltic Pump – 3D Printed

  • Rotational pump that creates a vacuum and pulls water through the tube

  • Reversible water flow works on Earth and in micro-gravity

  • Minimal power consumption

 

Water Tank – 700mL RC Plane Fuel Tank

  • One input/output valve easily attaches to silicone water delivery tube

  • Capacity to supply water to plant for approximately three months

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Pipe Support Shell – 3D Printed PLA

  • Shell for carrier pipe and attachment to plant support cup 

  • Holes for root entry, O2 sensor, and humidity sensor 

  • PLA found to be generally regarded as safe for food by FDA Standards

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Carrier Pipe – NSF51 Food Grade 1” PVC 

  • Environment for roots to follow laws of hydrotropism

  • PVC was used in previous NASA research 

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Delivery Tube – Perforated NSF51 Food Grade Silicone Tubing

  • Sufficient compressibility to move water with peristaltic pump 

  • Able to drill holes on tubing surface
     

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Environmental Sensing and Actuation

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RPi Camera module

  • Custom timeframe for image capture minimizes power consumption

  • Correlates non-visual peripherals to plant health

 

Temperature and Humidity (SEN0227 – based on SHT20)

  • I2C Interface, waterproof encapsulation, works with 3.3V

  • Placed in pipe support shell (near roots)

 

O2 root zone (SEN0322)

  • I2C Interface, high sensitivity, compatible with 3.3V

  • Waterproof portion placed in pipe support shell

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Power and Data Processing

Microprocessor – Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W

  • Python, large on-board storage, low power, compact, network capability, camera integration

  • Ease of remote configuration through SSH or VNC Connect

  • Idle Draw: 120mA (10Ah battery would last: ~83hrs)

  • Max Load Draw: 600mA (10Ah battery would last: ~16hrs)

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Pump Motor –  2 Stepper Motors 28KYJ-48 4 Phase

  • Driver Board – ULN2003AN IC

  • 5V power supply, actuated by 3.3V GPIO

  • Consumes ~240mA

 

Battery – Miady Mini Portable Charger

  • 10000mAh, 5V 2.4A output

  • Over Current Protection

  • 4.2 ounces

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Lighting – LED Light Strips

  • Rated for 5V but runs off 3.3V from Raspberry Pi GPIO for preset time

  • LED Grow Lights (Wavelengths: Blue (440-460nm), Red (630-660nm) 

  • Silicon rubber rated for IP65 Waterproof

 

Interface to Battery – CiCiglow 50 A Solar Charge Controller

  • Not to be integrated due to cost and relevance to KSC knowledge gaps, but size and placement is considered

  • Calculations demonstrate the type of controller needed for further continuation of project

  • Cost for unit = $19.26

 

Solar Panels – EnduroSat Panels

  • Not to be integrated due to cost and relevance to KSC knowledge gaps, but size and placement is considered

  • 6U x 4 = 59,600, 4U x 2 = $18,400 for a total of $78,000

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CubeSat Payload Structure

Frame – T Slot 20mm Aluminum Linear Rails

  • Ease of acquisition and assembly

 

Internal Walls – Perforated Sheet Metal

  • Aluminum Perforated Sheet, 36" x 40", 0.032" Thick, 0.1875" Hole Diameter

 

External Walls – Clear Acrylic Sheets

  • High strength, low thermal expansion, water resistant and UV resistant

  • Substitute material for sheet metal due to cost limitations (~0.25” thick)

 

External Wall Adhesive – High Temperature Heat Reflective Tape

  • Exposed face can tolerate temperatures up to 850 degrees Fahrenheit

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©2022 by USF CSLI

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